Cabinet of emergence — specimen 06
One lane, a loop, no crashes, no lane changes, no bottleneck anywhere in the rule. Each car: speed up if the road's clear, slow down if you're closing in on the car ahead, and a small random chance of tapping the brakes for no reason at all. That's it. The question: as the road fills up, does traffic flow taper off smoothly, or does it break the way Schelling's segregation and the sandpile did — fine, fine, fine, then a cliff?
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Flow = density × average speed. Watching whether it rises, peaks, then falls off smoothly — or snaps.